Road and bridge infrastructure occupies a strategic position in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 because it links industrial zones, ports, pilgrimage corridors, logistics platforms, urban expansion and regional development. The policy question is no longer whether public infrastructure should be delivered quickly, but how delivery can build national capability without weakening safety, durability, competition or value for money. This review examines local content and supplier qualification strategies for Saudi road and bridge projects, with emphasis on how procurement rules, contractor classification, material sourcing, technical assurance and supplier development can be aligned. A structured narrative review was conducted using scholarly and institutional sources from 2020 to 2025. The analysis synthesizes evidence on local content policy, construction procurement, public project performance, digital procurement, contractor prequalification, quality systems, sustainability and transport-sector modernization. The paper proposes an integrated framework in which local content is treated as a performance dimension across planning, design, tendering, award, delivery and closeout, rather than as a late scoring preference. The findings show that effective localization depends on credible demand aggregation, transparent qualification gates, evidence-based supplier segmentation, enforceable contract metrics and targeted capability upgrading for Saudi firms. The review also warns that poorly designed localization may create cost inflation, schedule risk or nominal compliance. A publishable agenda is therefore advanced for road agencies, clients, consultants and contractors: local content must be linked to technical competence, certified production capacity, workforce development, maintenance performance and auditable data. The study contributes a practical and research-informed model for improving infrastructure delivery while expanding domestic value creation.