Protected cultivation has emerged as a major technological intervention in Indian horticulture, providing opportunities to enhance productivity, improve quality, to provide supply of all the vegetables through out of year and stabilizes farm incomes. Hence, the new agriculture technology of protected cultivation (net house, poly house, walk in tunnel etc.) is on the rise in all parts of India and in Haryana. However, the farmers who have adopted these new techniques faced many production and marketing challenges i.e. lack of government subsidies, timely marketing facilities and lack of quality assurance of their produce. Hence, the present study is making an attempt to highlight these Production and Marketing Challenges in Vegetable Crops. This study compares the prospects and constraints of vegetable cultivation in protected and open field condition in the state of Haryana. The study has relied on primary data obtained from 300 farmers (150 farmers under protected cultivation and 150 farmers under open field cultivation). The findings show that protected cultivation can provide substantial agronomic and economic advantages, such as increased productivity, quality, out-of-season production and year-round employment. On the other hand, farmers have to deal with challenges like high investment, lack of skilled manpower, reliance on technical advice and vulnerability to structural damage during climatic events. On the other hand, open field farmers face problems such as heavy weed infestation, pest and disease occurrence, poor quality of inputs and increased transportation expenses. The marketing dimension emerges as a major bottleneck for both systems due to unstable prices, lack of minimum support price (MSP), inadequate cold-storage facilities and unorganized market structures. The study suggests policy interventions focusing on infrastructure development, extension services and to upgrades marketing facilities to improve the viability of vegetable cultivation across both systems.