This review examines how RISE with SAP and cloud based ERP modernization can support Saudi public and private sector transformation under Vision 2030. The study responds to a practical gap: many Saudi organizations need faster, compliant and less disruptive migration from fragmented legacy ERP landscapes to clean core, cloud enabled, analytics ready enterprise platforms. Using an integrative review design, publications, policy documents, vendor methodology notes and industry evidence from 2020 to 2025 were synthesized through four themes: strategic alignment, cloud ERP architecture, implementation governance and transformation value. The review finds that RISE with SAP is not only a technical hosting route but a business transformation bundle combining SAP S/4HANA Cloud, process discovery, migration services, business technology platform integration and continuous innovation governance. In Saudi Arabia, its value is strongest when migration is aligned with Cloud First policy, data residency requirements, ZATCA e-invoicing, public financial transparency, localization and private sector competitiveness. The paper proposes a Saudi cloud ERP modernization framework that links assessment, selective migration, clean core design, integration, data governance, cybersecurity and post go-live value realization. It also identifies barriers, including custom code debt, skills shortages, stakeholder resistance, cost uncertainty and regulatory risk. The study contributes a context specific review model for decision makers planning ERP modernization in government, energy, manufacturing, services, healthcare and finance. It concludes that RISE with SAP can accelerate institutional agility only when combined with disciplined change management, measurable benefits governance and Saudi specific compliance architecture.