Saudi enterprises are rapidly adopting cloud technologies to advance digital government, artificial intelligence, financial services, industrial modernization, and data-intensive operations. While this migration strengthens operational capabilities, it also disperses identity, data, workloads, and dependencies across complex hybrid and multi-cloud environments. The main challenge goes beyond intrusion prevention to include the preservation of vital services, containment of damage, restoration of trustworthy operations, and organizational learning from disruptions. This review critically synthesizes research published between 2020 and 2025 on cloud security and cyber resilience, with a specific focus on enterprise infrastructure in Saudi Arabia. A structured integrative review was conducted, encompassing peer-reviewed literature in cybersecurity, cloud computing, zero trust, ransomware, industrial control, and risk governance, and supplemented by the Saudi National Cybersecurity Authority's Cloud Cybersecurity Controls. The synthesis identifies five interdependent capabilities: governance and shared-responsibility assurance; identity-centred zero trust; data and workload protection; telemetry-driven detection and automated response; and recovery engineering supported by tested backups, service continuity, and supplier resilience. Evidence demonstrates that isolated security products are insufficient for resilience when asset ownership, cloud configuration, privileged access, recovery objectives, and third-party liability are fragmented. Accordingly, this paper proposes a Saudi Enterprise Cloud Cyber-Resilience Framework which integrates compliance alignment, architectural controls, operational preparedness, and continuous learning through a six-stage lifecycle: govern, anticipate, withstand, detect, recover, and adapt. The review delivers a practical control-to-outcome model and a staged implementation roadmap for enterprises pursuing secure cloud transformation while assuring compliance, service availability, and organizational confidence.