Abstract: The sea and islands play a particularly important role in the rapid and sustainable development of our country in general and Kien Giang in particular. Moreover, attracting investment to develop sea and island economies in association with national defense and security is of great significance. Over the years, the economic development of the sea and islands has brought great benefits to Kien Giang province, making Kien Giang province one of the major island economic centers of the country in general and of the Mekong River Delta in particular. However, during the development process, the island economy of Kien Giang still faces certain difficulties. This study shows that the economic development of the sea and islands is an advantage of Kien Giang province, but it also has difficulties and needs changes to suit the general development trend of the country, from which to propose solutions to continue developing the sea island economy of Kien Giang province for sustainable development in the future.