In Saudi Arabia, artificial intelligence is being introduced into public services, business operations and the digital platforms that deal with citizens, thereby increasing the demand for a kind of governance that allows innovation without sacrificing privacy, accountability or cyber resilience. This review brings together the scholarly work published between 2020 and 2025 in order to examine how responsible AI can be put into practice across the whole platform lifecycle rather than simply remaining as a set of general ethical principles. The analysis is grounded in four areas of evidence: organisational AI governance, data practices that ensure privacy, the use of trustworthy and explainable AI, and adversarial cybersecurity. It argues that these different areas are generally handled through separate compliance pathways, even though a failure in one can affect the others poor data provenance can result in unfair or insecure models; opaque models can make it hard to carry out audits or to investigate incidents; and a cyber breach can wipe out the privacy and accountability safeguards. A structured integrative review of 30 scholarly sources, verified by their DOI numbers, is used to develop a governance framework tailored to the Saudi context for application in both corporate and government platforms. The proposed framework connects the six lifecycle stages use-case intake, data stewardship, model assurance, secure release, continuous monitoring and controlled retirement with cross-cutting elements such as accountability, human oversight, third-party assurance and evidence retention. The review concludes that responsible AI is most credible when governance is expressed in the form of testable controls, clearly defined decision rights and continuously updated evidence of assurance. For organisations in Saudi Arabia, the resulting approach offers a practical means of achieving fast digital transformation while incorporating privacy-by-design and resilience-by-design, and at the same time remaining adaptable to sectoral risks and changing national requirements.