Saudi Arabia’s insurance sector is expanding while simultaneously undergoing regulatory, technological and organizational transformation. Under Vision 2030, digital infrastructure, data and artificial intelligence have become explicit enablers of insurance-sector development, creating a strong policy context for redesigning underwriting. This paper examines how digital transformation can improve risk selection, pricing adequacy and operational efficiency in Saudi insurance underwriting while preserving governance, fairness and professional accountability. An integrative review approach is used to synthesize recent peer-reviewed insurance, artificial-intelligence and financial-technology literature with official Saudi policy and market evidence. The analysis identifies five mutually dependent transformation capabilities: integrated and high-quality data, advanced analytics and artificial intelligence, digitally orchestrated workflows, model governance and explainability, and underwriting talent capable of combining actuarial judgment with digital tools. The paper argues that the greatest value does not arise from replacing underwriters, but from redesigning underwriting as a human-in-the-loop decision system in which routine cases can be automated, complex risks are escalated, and pricing decisions are supported by transparent analytics. Saudi market evidence demonstrates rapid premium growth and an increasingly explicit regulatory focus on technology, data and artificial intelligence. However, implementation risks include fragmented data, algorithmic bias, privacy and cybersecurity concerns, legacy-system integration, model drift and inadequate change management. A Saudi Underwriting Digital Transformation Framework is therefore proposed, linking digital foundations, analytics, workflow redesign, governance safeguards and measurable performance outcomes. The framework provides a research and managerial agenda for insurers seeking to improve technical profitability, customer responsiveness and market resilience while aligning digital underwriting with the objectives of Vision 2030.