Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with microbial dental plaque as the initiator of periodontal disease. However, in 1965, Brandtzaeg and Kraus were the first to postulate the autoimmune basis in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Involvements of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of chronic and aggressive periodontitis have been observed suggesting the role of autoimmunity in periodontitis. Few autoimmune diseases are known to coexist with periodontitis in humans such diseases include RA and, to a lesser extent, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this review is to systematically study the various autoimmune concepts/immunological models that signifies their role in periodontitis.