Motives of Roman imperialism that took place during the middle republican era have generated debate among scholars who criticize and counter-criticize one another. The debate has often been speared by two schools of thought-defensive and the offensive schools of thought. Whereas the defensive school of thought view motives of Roman imperialism as purely self-protective mechanism, others like Harris (2005) view Roman imperialism as being offensive and think Roman Wars brought tangible economic benefits that influenced decision to go to war. The paper sought to explore the motives for Roman imperialism during the mid-republican era only which took place between 264-147 BC with emphasis on the Pyrrhic Wars.