Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the potential of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds derived from plants, in the prevention and treatment of various cancers, including breast cancer. This study reviews the therapeutic effects of specific phytochemicals-curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, sulforaphane, and genistein-focusing on their anti-cancer properties, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Using a systematic literature review, key studies involving in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research were analyzed to evaluate each compound's efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, and preventing metastasis. The findings suggest that these phytochemicals may offer significant benefits in breast cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, hormone modulation, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. However, further research, particularly large-scale clinical trials, is needed to optimize formulation strategies and validate their efficacy in clinical settings.