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Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business
Volume-7 | Issue-05
Original Research Article
Emergence of Bone Waste Recycling Business in Aba Urban, Abia State, South-Eastern Nigeria
Evelyn N. Igbo, Ekeoba O. Maduako, Henry C. Umunakwe
Published : Oct. 22, 2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2025.v07i05.001
Abstract
This paper aims to transform animal bone waste into products of economic value that can contribute positively to the growth and development of the Aba urban economy while also restoring environmental orderliness. The study employed an experimental research design in which bone samples were identified, collected, observed, and analyzed using suitable tools and processes. The study revealed that animal bone wastes could be converted into valuable materials, such as hydroxyl apatite (HA), B-charcoal (B-CHAR), and bone meal (BM), which can be used as soil additives e.g., fertilizer, as horn/hoof meal serves as provender for birds, pigs, goats, and sheep. Bones from goats, sheep, and dogs were found to be used in grafting or tissue engineering scaffolds, while bones from pigs, cows, and cattle are suitable for jewelry, hand globules, artworks, and other craftwork productions. Bone-derived materials such as B-char can help produce natural dyes for textile mills, garment manufacturing industries, and pharmaceutical companies. There is, therefore, the need to monitor the performance of animal bone waste processing and recycling to ensure continuous improvements on a sustainable basis and to ensure existing bone waste handling meets global best practices.

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