This study analyzed the profitability and resource use efficiency of yam farming in Kwali Area Council, Abuja, using data collected from 200 yam farmers through a structured questionnaire. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, farm budgeting, production function, and multiple regression models. Results on socio-economic characteristics revealed that the farmers had a mean age of 43.8 years, average farming experience of 11.7 years, mean household size of 6.9 persons, and an average farm size of 1.84 hectares. Most farmers (73%) were male and operated small-scale farms, with an average of 2.6 extension visits and 3.8 years of cooperative membership annually. Profitability analysis showed that yam production was unprofitable, with total cost ₦300,674.08/ha exceeding revenue ₦274,500/ha, yielding –₦26,174.08 Net Farm Income and –0.09 ROI, indicating a ₦0.09 loss per ₦1 invested. Resource use efficiency analysis indicated underutilization of farm size (R = 11.64) and seed yams (R = 64.30), but overutilization of labour (R = 0.39), fertilizer (R = –0.07), and agrochemicals (R = –56.94). Regression results (R² = 0.731, F = 23.41, p < 0.01) revealed that educational level, farming experience, farm size, extension contact, cooperative membership, and access to credit significantly influenced profitability (p < 0.10), while age, gender, and household size were not significant. Major constraints identified were high input costs (82.5%), inadequate credit access (71.0%), pests and diseases (65.0%), and poor storage facilities (48.0%). The study concludes that yam farming is profitable but constrained by resource inefficiencies and institutional challenges.