Background: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder in which surgical excision remains the definitive treatment for symptomatic cases. Postoperative outcomes may be influenced not only by the surgical technique but also by patients’ demographic and occupational characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these factors and to compare postoperative complications between conjunctival autograft and intraoperative mitomycin-C in primary pterygium surgery. Methods: This prospective comparative study included 70 patients with primary progressive pterygium who completed follow-up. Patients were allocated into two groups: Group A (n = 35) underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft and Group B (n = 35) underwent excision with intraoperative mitomycin-C. Demographic variables (age, sex, education), occupational status and postoperative complications were recorded. Patients were followed up to six months. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was significantly lower in Group A than Group B (36.77 ± 10.05 vs. 42.66 ± 10.31 years; p = 0.018). Males predominated in both groups, with no significant difference in sex distribution (p = 0.434). Educational status differed significantly between groups (p = 0.002). More than half of patients in both groups were outdoor workers, with a significant association between occupation and type of operation (p = 0.042). Postoperative complications were significantly higher in Group B (54.3%) compared to Group A (11.5%). Conclusion: Demographic and occupational factors are important considerations in patients undergoing pterygium surgery. Conjunctival autograft demonstrated a significantly lower rate of postoperative complications compared to intraoperative mitomycin-C, suggesting a safer postoperative profile.