Methylene blue vital staining is an emerging diagnostic adjunct for detecting potentially malignant oral disorders and malignancies. This chromophoric dye exhibits a selective affinity for dysplastic and neoplastic tissues through acidophilic binding to nucleic acids. Recent evidence has demonstrated promising sensitivity and specificity profiles, positioning methylene blue as a cost-effective and minimally toxic alternative to toluidine blue for community-based screening programs. However, its role remains complementary to histopathological examination, the definitive diagnostic standard.