This study examines how artificial intelligence can be used to assess Maqasid al-Shariah outcomes in the development of Saudi Arabia’s debt market under Vision 2030. While Saudi debt-market expansion has strengthened financing channels through sukuk, bonds, and government debt instruments, limited research has examined whether such development advances broader Islamic ethical objectives, including justice, transparency, wealth circulation, risk-sharing, social benefit, and protection from excessive uncertainty. The study proposes an AI-enabled assessment framework that links debt-market indicators with Maqasid-based outcome dimensions. Using conceptual analysis, policy review, and proposed machine-learning indicators, the paper explains how artificial intelligence can support real-time monitoring of market depth, investor inclusion, Shariah compliance, sustainability alignment, and financing contribution to national development. The framework is positioned within Saudi Arabia’s Financial Sector Development Program, which seeks to deepen capital markets and diversify financing sources in support of Vision 2030. The paper contributes to Islamic finance literature by moving beyond product-level Shariah compliance toward measurable outcome-based governance. It also provides practical value for regulators, issuers, investors, and policymakers seeking to integrate ethical finance, digital intelligence, and market development in Saudi Arabia’s evolving financial ecosystem.