Malami Shuaibu, Isah Saidu, Aminu Yakubu Zubairu, Muhammad Nasir
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2025; 7(6):124-129
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2025.v07i06.003
Sewage sludge, a major by-product of wastewater treatment, presents both environmental challenges and opportunities for renewable energy recovery. This study evaluates the fuel potential of sewage sludge through proximate and ultimate analyses conducted on samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant. The results show a carbon content of 35.61%, low sulphur content of 1.15%, and a calorific value of 20,999.14 kJ/kg, indicating strong suitability for energy conversion. Favorable volatile matter and elemental composition further support its use as a biomass feedstock. The findings demonstrate that sewage sludge can serve as a viable resource for waste-to-energy technologies including pyrolysis, gasification, and anaerobic digestion. Further pilot-scale investigations are recommended to assess practical efficiency and optimize conversion processes.
Funso Omolayo Alabuja, Elizabeth S. Ebukiba, Moradeyo A. Otitoju
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2025; 7(6): 112-123
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2025.v07i06.002
The study assessed the adoption and utilisation of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAPs) among rice farmers in Benue and Nasarawa States, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 400 rice farmers through a structured questionnaire using a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and the Ordered Probit regression model were employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean age of farmers was 42 years, most were male (64.75%) and married (74.75%), and 63% had at least secondary education. The majority (62.75%) had access to extension services while only 16% accessed agricultural credit. The results also shows that the majority of rice farmers were medium and high users of CSAPs, indicating a relatively high adoption level in both states. Commonly adopted practices included wetland (Fadama) cultivation, crop rotation, cover cropping, minimum tillage, and the use of organic manure. Moreover, the Moreover, the Ordered Probit regression results showed that education (p ≤ 0.01), household size (p ≤ 0.01), family labour (p ≤ 0.05), access to extension services (p ≤ 0.01), ownership of communication tools (p ≤ 0.10), sex (p ≤ 0.05), livestock ownership (p ≤ 0.01), and farm size (p ≤ 0.10) had significant positive effects on CSAP utilisation. Conversely, age (p ≤ 0.10) and distance to input markets (p ≤ 0.01) exerted significant negative influences on utilisation levels. The study concludes that enhancing farmers’ access to information, credit, and extension services is crucial for increasing CSAP adoption and utilisation. Therefore, the study recommends that government agencies and agricultural extension services should formulate and implement policies that promote farmer education, expand extension outreach, and provide accessible financial and infrastructural support to accelerate the widespread adoption of CSAPs in the region.
This study analyzed the profitability and resource use efficiency of yam farming in Kwali Area Council, Abuja, using data collected from 200 yam farmers through a structured questionnaire. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, farm budgeting, production function, and multiple regression models. Results on socio-economic characteristics revealed that the farmers had a mean age of 43.8 years, average farming experience of 11.7 years, mean household size of 6.9 persons, and an average farm size of 1.84 hectares. Most farmers (73%) were male and operated small-scale farms, with an average of 2.6 extension visits and 3.8 years of cooperative membership annually. Profitability analysis showed that yam production was unprofitable, with total cost ₦300,674.08/ha exceeding revenue ₦274,500/ha, yielding –₦26,174.08 Net Farm Income and –0.09 ROI, indicating a ₦0.09 loss per ₦1 invested. Resource use efficiency analysis indicated underutilization of farm size (R = 11.64) and seed yams (R = 64.30), but overutilization of labour (R = 0.39), fertilizer (R = –0.07), and agrochemicals (R = –56.94). Regression results (R² = 0.731, F = 23.41, p < 0.01) revealed that educational level, farming experience, farm size, extension contact, cooperative membership, and access to credit significantly influenced profitability (p < 0.10), while age, gender, and household size were not significant. Major constraints identified were high input costs (82.5%), inadequate credit access (71.0%), pests and diseases (65.0%), and poor storage facilities (48.0%). The study concludes that yam farming is profitable but constrained by resource inefficiencies and institutional challenges.
Majida Mohammad Abid Falhy
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2025; 7(5): 86-99
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2025.v07i05.003
The current study involved isolating two types of fungi associated with mosquito larvae: Aedes aegypti and Culex molestus, which have not previously been recorded in larval infestations. These fungi were used as biological control agents various developmental stages of mosquitoes Culex molestus and Aedes aegypti over different time periods (24, 48, 72, 120 hours). The fungi Lagenidium giganteum and Beauveria bassiana were isolated from naturally infected mosquito larvae and identified in the laboratory. In the pupal stage, the LC50 values were (7.411 × 106, 7.373 × 106) spore/ml for Lagenidium giganteum in Aedes aegypti and Culex molestus, respectively, after 72 hours of treatment. While the LC50 values for Beauveria bassiana were (9.473 × 106, 9.371 × 106) spore/ml for the two mosquito species after the same time period. This indicates the superiority of Lagenidium giganteum in achieving higher mortality rates compared to Beauveria bassiana. Regarding adults, female mosquitoes exhibited greater resistance compared to males. Additionally, males and females of Culex molestus were more sensitive to the fungal suspensions than to Aedes aegypti. LC50 values for females of Aedes aegypti and Culex molestus were (9.108 × 106) and (6.159 × 106) spore/ml, respectively, after 72 hours.
Ahmad M. B, Egwuonwu K. C, Fatima M. D, Olalekan Oderinde
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2025; 7(5): 80-85
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2025.v07i05.002
This paper addresses the design and construction of aquaria, emphasizing that financial considerations, dimensions/weight, shape/location, and materials are fundamental architectural aspects to take into account when building aquaria. The ornamental fisheries industry has offered entertainment, jobs, income, and health benefits to governments and individuals in various countries. Thus, it concludes that despite the financial, spatial, and maintenance issues faced by hobbyists, specialists, and teams, awareness and exploitation should be promoted due to the opportunities presented by this niche.
Hassana M. K, Fatima M. D, Egwuonwu K. C, Maryam S. I, Dahiru M. A
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2025; 7(5): 73-79
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2025.v07i05.001
Fresh Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), carrots (Daucus carota), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were obtained from Sokoto Fish and Vegetable Market in Sokoto State, and all the chemicals/reagents used for the analysis were of analytical grade. The fresh vegetables were selected, cleaned, and juiced separately using a juice extractor. The juices were then filtered, pasteurized at 75 °C for 15 min and cooled. Thereafter, the juices extracts were divided into five varying proportions: A (100% carrot juice), B (80% carrot, 10% cucumber, 10% water melon), C (100% water melon), D (50% carrot, 25% cucumber, 25% water melon) and E (100% cucumber). The juice blends were then analyzed for phytochemical, proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions. The antioxidant properties were also determined. The proximate composition result revealed very high moisture (82.13% and 85.03%), relatively low carbohydrate (5.36–10.68%) and very low crude protein (1.85–4.90%) contents. For the micronutrients, potassium (14.80–32.20mg/100 mL) and vitamin C (14.58–24.50mg/100 mL) were more predominant when compared to the other micronutrients that were determined. While there were no statistically significant differences in the sensory properties of the juices, the 100% carrot juice was rated higher in all the attributes evaluated. It was concluded that a 50:50 blend of carrot and cucumber provided similar nutritional quality and superior antioxidative properties compared to other blends.
Yillaa Gongu Sati, Abubakar Bello Zaki, Edwin Ejoga Idu
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2025; 7(4): 64-72
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2025.v07i04.002
This study assessed the utilizations of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Rice Farmers in Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The broad objective of the study is to assess the Utilizations of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Rice Farmers in Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to sample 300 rice farmers. Descriptive statistics and logit regression analysis were used to achieve the specific objectives. The results showed that the majority (60.67%) of the rice farmers in the study area were married men, with a mean age of 41 years. The results revealed that most rice farmers show partial awareness of ICT. The result of the ICT tools available to the rice farmers in the study area showed that telephones are the most accessible ICT tool. The result of the Pairwise ranking for the most useful ICT tool revealed that the rice farmers in the study area find the telephone most useful with 125 frequency. The result of the logit regression showed that the negative coefficient of age (P<0.1) influenced the utilisation of ICT tools among the rice farmers in the study area, while poor electricity was the highest problem militating against the rice farmers’ use of ICTs in the study area with 207 frequency and 17.01%. The study concludes that socio-economic factors, particularly gender and age, significantly influence the adoption and utilisation of ICTs among rice farmers. It also highlights a positive relationship between ICT availability and usage levels. Since most rice farmers are only partially aware of ICT tools, the study therefore recommends targeted awareness campaigns led by agricultural extension agents to improve farmers' understanding and effective use of ICT tools for agricultural development in the region.
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Dr. R Anandan
Associate Editorial Board
Principal Scientist & ICAR-National Fellow Biochemistry & Nutrition Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India Email: kranandan@rediffmail.com
Prof. Mohammed Nader Shalaby
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Associate Professor of Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt Email: dr.m.nader@hotmail.com
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Professor of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Email: aaghazy7@hotmail.com
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School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, India Email: sanjayswamionline@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan - INDIA Email: ranger0392@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur, Thoothukudi Dt, Tamilnadu, India Email: lings02@gmail.com
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Department of Biology, Saidpur Cantt Public College, Bangladesh Email: ashraful.mission@gmail.com
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Plant Pathology Department, Nematology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt Email: iismail2002@yahoo.co.uk
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Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology , Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Email: iman.akbarpour@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural process engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krish vidyapeeth, Akola Maharashtra India Email: bhagyashreepatil21@gmail.com
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Senior Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute 18, Charpara, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Email: helim1367@gmail.com
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Animal Production Division ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Umiam, Meghalaya, INDIA - 793103 Email: sourabhd1@rediffmail.com
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Zoology Department, Faculty of science Beni-suef University, Beni-suef city, Egypt E-mails; ahmedragab08@gmail.com
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Associate Professor, Plant Geography, Flora and Vegetation, Member of The Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (CMEP) Al Baha University., Baljurashi Saudi Arabia Email: abdulwali20@yahoo.com
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