Introduction: In restorative dentistry, hybrid ceramic inlays and onlays have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional all-ceramic restorations, especially in cases requiring a minimally invasive approach and optimal biomechanical compatibility with natural dentition. Nevertheless, their relatively recent introduction warrants further investigation regarding long-term clinical performance, bondingdurability, and wear behavior compared to established ceramic materials. Case report: A 38-year-old female patient presented for the restoration of an extensive carious lesion on the lower right second molar (tooth 46). Thepreoperative radiograph revealed that the tooth was endodontically treated. After clinical and radiographic examination, an indirect restoration using a hybrid ceramic inlay- onlay was planned to maximize the conservation of healthy tooth structure while ensuring adequatemasticatory strength. Discussion: Hybrid ceramics, combining the mechanical strength of ceramics with the flexibility of composites, present attractive properties for restoring posterior teeth by providing durability, aesthetics, and preservation of tooth structure. This unique combination makes them particularly suitable for the restoration of decayed teeth, especially in cases where tooth structure conservation and durability are priorities.

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Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, both of which are essential for efficient orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study aims to explore the effects of Vitamin D deficiency on the rate and biological mechanisms of OTM. Evidence from animal models and clinical observations suggests that insufficient Vitamin D levels can impair bone remodeling by reducing osteoblastic activity and altering osteoclastic function. As a result, tooth movement may become slower and less predictable in Vitamin D-deficient individuals. Additionally, such deficiency may increase the risk of root resorption and prolonged treatment duration. Understanding the influence of Vitamin D status on OTM could aid in optimizing orthodontic treatment plans and outcomes. Further clinical studies are needed to establish clear guidelines regarding Vitamin D assessment and supplementation in orthodontic patients.

Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible process characterized by the gradual loss of alveolar bone beneath the mucoperiosteum following the extraction of natural teeth. It is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by anatomical, biomechanical, metabolic, and systemic factors. Among the two arches, the mandibular ridge typically undergoes more rapid and severe resorption than the maxillary counterpart, leading to a compromised denture-bearing foundation over time. This pronounced mandibular atrophy significantly impairs the stability, support, and retention of complete dentures, often resulting in functional limitations and reduced patient satisfaction. In prosthodontic practice, the rehabilitation of patients with severely resorbed mandibular ridges remains a formidable clinical challenge. The decreased surface area, altered ridge morphology, and loss of vertical height collectively contribute to poor denture base adaptation, reduced stability, and increased mucosal mobility. These issues are particularly pronounced in advanced stages of resorption as categorized by Atwood’s classification, where Order V denotes a low, well-rounded ridge and Order VI reflects a flat or depressed ridge form with minimal or no residual alveolar height. Such conditions severely compromise the effectiveness of conventional denture fabrication techniques and require careful modifications in clinical protocols. Among the many factors contributing to the long-term success of complete dentures, the stability of the mandibular denture often serves as a critical determinant. Lack of stability can trigger a cascade of issues such as soreness, ulcerations, masticatory inefficiency, and patient dissatisfaction. Additionally, poorly adapted dentures may exert uneven or excessive pressure on the underlying tissues, thereby accelerating the resorptive process. This clinical case report presents the prosthodontic management of a patient with a highly atrophic mandibular ridge (Atwood’s Order V) using a novel “cocktail impression technique.” Recognizing the limitations of a single impression philosophy, this hybrid approach integrates mucostatic, selective pressure, and functional techniques to enhance tissue adaptation, minimize displacement, and evenly distribute occlusal forces. The strategy is tailored to the patient's unique anatomy, promoting denture stability,

Background: Oral health is integral to a child's overall development, affecting nutrition, speech, self-esteem, and general well-being. Despite this, paediatric oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and enamel defects remain highly prevalent. Traditional oral hygiene measures, though foundational, often fail to achieve long-term success in children due to poor compliance and limited accessibility. This has led to the exploration of child-friendly, functional nutraceuticals to supplement oral care practices. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of JUNIOR SMART—a specially formulated oral health gummy containing prebiotics, probiotics (Bacillus coagulans), essential oils, minerals, and natural sweeteners—in improving various oral health parameters among paediatric patients with different dental conditions. Methods: A total of 200 children between 4 to 14 years of age were enrolled and grouped into eight clinical clusters based on oral health needs: gingivitis, early childhood caries (ECC), deep pits and fissures, enamel hypoplasia, post-procedural care (pulpectomy/extractions), special needs children, children using habit-breaking appliances, and those under preventive maintenance. Each group followed a tailored dosage regimen of JUNIOR SMART Gummies / Candies. Standardized indices were used to measure outcomes: Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), ICDAS-II, Sealant Retention Index, White Spot Lesion Score, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), and Salivary pH. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention and analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: Significant improvements were noted in most clinical clusters. Children with gingivitis showed reduced GI, PI, and SBI scores (p < 0.05). The ECC group demonstrated a reduction in ICDAS-II caries scores. Enamel hypoplasia and white spot lesion clusters showed evidence of remineralization. Sealant retention was stable in the fissure group. Salivary pH improved across clusters, indicating reduced oral acidity. Special needs children showed notable improvements in overall hygiene scores, indicating high acceptability and compliance. Conclusion: JUNIOR SMART Gummies / Candies, as a functional nutraceutical supplement, proved effective in enhancing oral health outcomes in children with diverse clinical needs. Their ease of use, palatability, and positive clinical effects make them a promising adjunct in pediatric dental care, especially in populations where traditional methods show limited compliance.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) refers to a group of hereditary developmental disorders that impact the structure and appearance of enamel on all or nearly all teeth in a relatively uniform manner. AI poses significant challenges by reducing oral health-related quality of life and causing various physiological issues. Here, we present a case report of the Hypoplastic type of AI, diagnosed based on characteristic clinical and radiographic findings.

Abstract: Reactive lesions of the oral cavity are a diverse group of benign lesions that arise due to chronic irritation, trauma, infection, or other external stimuli. Despite their generally non-neoplastic nature, they can present as clinically significant conditions that may mimic more serious pathologies, often complicating diagnosis. This review presents an up-to-date classification system for common reactive lesions in the oral cavity, delves into their underlying pathogenesis, and discusses their clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of recognizing these lesions to avoid unnecessary invasive treatments while ensuring proper clinical intervention.