Gerald Absanto, Josephine Mkunda, Anthony Nyangarika
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2025, 7(2): 45-54
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2025.v07i02.002
This study investigated the economic viability of Micro Irrigation Technologies (MITs) compared with traditional furrow irrigation in smallholder horticultural farming in northern Tanzania. Using a quasi-experimental cross-sectional design, data were collected from 540 farmers, divided into adopters and nonadopters of MITs. Economic metrics, including net present value (NPV), the benefit‒cost ratio (BCR), and the internal rate of return (IRR), were analysed over a five-year investment horizon through statistical methods in SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results indicate that MITs, particularly drip and sprinkler systems, increase the productivity and profitability of high-value crops such as onions and tomatoes, yielding significantly higher NPVs than furrow irrigation does. Despite their high initial costs, these technologies demonstrated long-term economic benefits, including improved water efficiency and labour cost savings. Regression analysis further revealed that both crop type and irrigation technology significantly influence economic outcomes. Onions and tomatoes under MIT presented the highest financial returns, whereas peppers under furrow irrigation achieved better cost efficiency. This study underscores the transformative potential of MITs in enhancing horticultural productivity and sustainability in water-scarce regions. The study recommends targeted interventions, including subsidies, financial incentives, training programs, and policy support, to scale up the adoption of MITs.
Nguyen Quynh Lam, Lai Kim Anh, Bui Minh Kha, Nguyen Tran Anh Khoi
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2025, 7(2): 55-62
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2025.v07i02.003
E-waste has globally become an increasingly urgent issue, particularly in developing countries. Although a lot of studies have been conducted, the key themes and development trends in e-waste research have not yet been fully systematized. Understanding the current state of this field not only helps identify pressing issues but also contributes to shaping new research directions. Following that, the study aims to propose a model of the factors influencing consumers’ intention to participate in collection and their recycling behavior toward e-waste. The proposed model incorporates several key factors, including Value, Attitude, Supporting reasons (Environmental Benefits, Personal Benefits), and Opposing reasons (Risk Barriers, Usage Barriers, Value Barriers, and Image Barriers). Additionally, the Intention to Collect is examined to establish a systematic theoretical foundation, thereby contributing to the expansion of the research framework on consumer participation in e-waste collection and recycling.
This paper aims to analyze commercial credit risk at Refrigeration Electrical Engineering Joint Stock Company based on financial data from 2021 to 2023. The study applies statistical comparison methods and financial ratio analysis, including debt recovery ratio, collection period, accounts receivable and payable ratios. The results indicate that the company’s commercial credit risk is decreasing, but long-term debt is increasing. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes solutions to mitigate risks and improve commercial credit management efficiency.
NWIKINA Christian Gbarawae, Elizabeth Oghenetega Wadi, Kenigheni Good Wilson, Matthew Favour Edi
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2025, 7(1): 28-39
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2025.v07i01.003
This study examines the effect of exchange rate on the performance of manufacturing industry between 1985 and 2022. The study proxied of exchange rate by real exchange rate, external reserve and trade openness while the performance of manufacturing industry was measured by manufacturing sector GDP. The theories adopted comprise: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), Theory, Optimal Currency Area (OCA) Theory and Theory of Production. Annual temporal data for the study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Word Development Indicators (WDI) of the Word Bank. The techniques of data analysis adopted are unit root test, co-integration test and error correction model (ECM) approach. The study found that real exchange rate has a substantial unfavourable effect on manufacturing sector GDP in Nigeria, external reserve has a favourable and substantial effect on manufacturing sector GDP in Nigeria while trade openness has a favourable and substantial effect on manufacturing sector GDP in Nigeria. As per the finding, the study concluded that exchange rate plays a substantial role influencing the performance of manufacturing industry in Nigeria. The study recommended that government should formulate efficient and feasible trade policies that will liberalize trade and open the Nigerian manufacturing sector to foreign investors.
Gerald Absanto, Josephine Mkunda, Anthony Nyangarika
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2025, 7(1): 1-13
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2025.v07i01.001
This study evaluates the technical efficiency (TE) of modern and traditional irrigation methods and their subsequent impact on farm productivity, profitability, and sustainability. The research uses a sample of 540 smallholder farmers from water stress region of northern Tanzania. The study reveals significant differences between adopters of modern irrigation techniques (MITs) and non-adopters using furrow irrigation: tomato yield was 732.94 kg vs. 387.35 kg, onion yield was 2952.57 kg vs. 395.53 kg, and pepper yield was 552.34 kg vs. 505.02 kg; input usage also varied, with adopters using 1.58 vs. 1.38 acres (tomatoes), 1.30 vs. 1.50 acres (onions), and 1.56 vs. 1.18 acres (peppers), as well as differences in seed, fertilizer, and agrochemical quantities. Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), this study estimated the technical efficiency scores for farmers, the findings reveal that land cultivated (β1=0.537, p=0.000) and fertilizer use (β3=0.353, p=0.000) were significant drivers of productivity, indicating that increasing these inputs substantially boosts agricultural output. In contrast, herbicide use negatively impacts productivity (β6=−0.268, p=0.005), suggesting a need for more efficient or reduced usage of herbicides. The inefficiency effects model highlights that farming experience (δ2=10.53, p=0.012) positively influences technical efficiency, underscoring the value of practical expertise in optimizing resource use. The technical efficiency of the farmers varies widely, with a mean of 88.43%, a minimum of 45.28%, and a maximum of nearly 100%, suggesting room for improvement in less efficient operations. The analysis of technical efficiency across irrigation methods shows a significant advantage for modern irrigation techniques over furrow irrigation. For onions, sprinkler irrigation achieved a mean technical efficiency of 0.928 (p=0.000) compared to 0.589 under furrow irrigation. Similarly, for tomatoes, drip irrigation resulted in a mean efficiency of 0.850, substantially higher than 0.430 for furrow irrigation (p=0.000). For peppers, drip irrigation also outperformed furrow irrigation with mean efficiencies of 0.813 and 0.338, respectively (p=0.000). The study also revealed that while traditional irrigation methods had lower efficiency scores, proper management of resources such as fertilizers and pest control was crucial in mitigating inefficiency. The results highlight the importance of efficient farm management practices, including the use of appropriate technologies and optimized resource allocation, in achieving higher technical efficiency. The study recommends targeted subsidies, capacity-building programs, improved infrastructure, and public-private partnerships to promote the adoption of modern irrigation technologies among smallholder farmers.
Gerald Absanto, Josephine Mkunda, Anthony Nyangarika
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2025, 7(1): 14-27
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2025.v07i01.002
Micro irrigation technologies (MITs), such as drip and sprinkler systems, have been recognized as transformative solutions for enhancing agricultural productivity, optimizing water use, and promoting environmental sustainability. However, their adoption among smallholder farmers remains limited due to a complex interplay of economic, social, technical and environmental constraints. Traditional frameworks for assessing economic viability of these technologies often focus narrowly on financial metrics, neglecting critical factors such as water availability, market dynamics, and the technical and socioeconomic contexts. A systematic review of the literature from 2014 to 2024 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were sourced from major databases, including Scopus, Taylor and Francis, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science, yielding a final dataset of 69 relevant studies from an initial pool of 719 articles. The analysis of selected studies highlights key trends, including a growing focus on economic and water management aspects and the role of institutional and policy support in MIT adoption. A novel framework is proposed that integrates dimensions such as water availability and management, market dynamics, socioeconomic factors, and environmental sustainability. This comprehensive approach addresses limitations in traditional financial metric-based evaluations, offering actionable insights to policymakers and stakeholders. The findings aim to advance the adoption of MITs by aligning technical and market strategies with the needs of smallholder farmers, contributing to global food security and environmental goals.
Blessing Unwana Umoh, Ugochukwu Daniel Ofurum, Owoola-Adebayo Soyingbe Folasade
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2024 6(6), 187-195
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2024.v06i06.005
Abstract: This study examines the impact of bank fraud on economic stability and public trust in Nigeria’s financial system. Drawing from empirical findings in an evaluation of fraud control measures in selected Nigerian banks and theoretical insights from Ayodeji’s work on big data analytics in fraud detection, the research reveals a systemic crisis driven by insider-related fraud, weak internal controls, and evolving cyber threats. The study adopts a descriptive survey design, utilizing quantitative methods to assess the incidence of fraud, the effectiveness of existing control mechanisms, and the challenges inhibiting fraud prevention. Findings show that while some fraud control measures, such as KYC/AML compliance, are moderately effective, others, particularly whistleblowing policies and employee training, are inadequately implemented. Major obstacles include poor oversight, lack of technological infrastructure, and low organizational commitment. Visual data analysis using waterfall charts illustrates the distribution of fraud types, control effectiveness, and implementation challenges. The study recommends a multi-layered response involving staff training, real-time fraud detection technology, whistleblower protections, and regulatory collaboration. It concludes that tackling bank fraud in Nigeria requires systemic reform, technological innovation, and a cultural shift toward transparency and accountability to restore public confidence and ensure financial sector resilience.
Top Editors
Dr. Sumathi Kumaraswamy
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor Department of Economics and Finance College of Business Administration University of Bahrain Email: skumaraswamy@uob.edu.bh
Dr. Jitender Kumar
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana, India Email: jitenderkbatra@gmail.com
Omer Allagabo Omer Mustafa
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor of Economics, Banking and Finance, Deputy Secretary of Academic Affairs-Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences (SABFS), Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: omergabo78@sabfs.edu.sd
Dr. Zahoor Ahmad Parray
Associate Editorial Board
Department of Management Studies, South Campus, University of Kashmir Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India Email: zahoorhs@gmail.com
Dr. Hafnida Hasan
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant professor in Applied Sciences University (ASU), Kingdom of Bahrain Email: hafnida.hasan@asu.edu.bh
Dr. Ulysses J Brown III
Associate Editorial Board
College of Business Savannah State University 3219 College Street Savannah GA 31404 Email: brownu@savannahstate.edu , brownuj@gmail.com
Dr. C. Vijai
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor Department of Commerce St.Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai-600 054 Tamil Nadu, India Email: Vijaialvar@gmail.com
Prof. Mounir BELLOUMI
Associate Editorial Board
College of Administrative Sciences, Najran University, Saudi Arabia Email: mounir.balloumi@gmail.com
Prof. P Malyadri
Editor-in-Chief
ICSSR Senior Fellow Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS), Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016, India Email: drpm16@gmail.com
Husam Alharahsheh
Executive Editor
Lecturer in business management, University of wales Trinity Saint David - UK Senior lecturer, Several UK and EU based higher education institutions Email: husam.helmi1@yahoo.com
Dr. Mohd Shahril Bin Ahmad Razimi
Deputy Chief-Editor
Programme Coordinator Senior Lecturer, Islamic Business School Universiti Utara Malaysia Email: shahril@uum.edu.my
Aliashraf Ahmadian
Associate Editorial Board
Marketing lecturer Graduated in the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (phD) from University of Tehran, Iran. Email: AliAshrafAhmadian@ut.ac.ir
ZULFAN NAHRUDDIN
Executive Editor
Lecturer at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar email:- zulfan.nahruddin@unismuh.ac.id
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