GAJRC | Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences

Journal Name:	Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences
Abbr. Title:	Glob Acad J Med Sci
ISSN(Print):	2706-9036
ISSN(Online):	2707-2533
Frequency:	Bi-Monthly
Language:	English
Chief Editor:	Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour
Publisher:	Scholars Middle East Publishers
Country of Origin:	United Arab Emirates

Journal Name:

Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences

Abbr. Title:

Glob Acad J Med Sci

ISSN(Print):

2706-9036

ISSN(Online):

2707-2533

Frequency:

Bi-Monthly

Language:

English

Chief Editor:

Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour

Publisher:

Scholars Middle East Publishers

Country of Origin:

United Arab Emirates

March 26, 2025

Trends and Gender Patterns of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Vaccination among Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shanta Saha, Dr. Md. Alahi Khandaker, Dr. Avijt Sharma, Md. Rafiqul Islam
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2025; 7(2): 66-73
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2025.v07i02.003

Background: The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) protects children from vaccine-preventable diseases, thus averting childhood death and disease. After Bangladesh implemented the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1979, they made advancements in vaccine delivery, yet urban centers, specifically Dhaka, face ongoing obstacles due to health service disparities based on social inequality. Strategies for disease prevention require a clear comprehension of how gender interacts with vaccination procedures. Objective: To identify trends and gender patterns of EPI vaccination among children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and examine the distribution of vaccination services across different healthcare facilities. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5,088 children aged 0-23 months (51% aged 0-11 months; 49% aged 12-23 months) who received EPI vaccines in Dhaka. Vaccination records for six vaccines (BCG, Pentavalent, PCV, OPV, IPV, and MR) were examined to identify monthly patterns by gender and service delivery distribution. Results: Analysis revealed varying gender patterns across different vaccines and doses. BCG vaccination showed slight male predominance (53.4% vs. 46.6%), with monthly fluctuations. Multi-dose vaccines displayed complex patterns: males generally had higher coverage for initial doses, but gender gaps narrowed for subsequent doses. Notably, MR vaccination showed female predominance in several months. Local government facilities provided the majority (65-80%) of vaccinations compared to public hospitals. Conclusion: Gender disparities in EPI vaccination exist but vary by vaccine type, dose, and month. Decentralized healthcare delivery systems require strengthened facilities because of their significant contribution to healthcare provision. Wider availability of gender-specific vaccination services and better community outreach strategies, alongside research about urban vaccination characteristics, should be implemented to battle immunization inequality in urban Bangladesh.

Despite initiatives by the WHO and the International AIDS Control Program, including free HIV screenings and antiretroviral therapy (ART), many adolescents and young adults struggle with treatment compliance. This study aimed to assess ART compliance among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults and evaluate their sense of well-being at the Buea Regional Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to August 31, 2022, using a convenient sampling technique to enroll 150 consenting participants. A structured questionnaire gathered data on demographics and ART compliance. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 and Excel 2013, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results indicated an overall compliance rate of 68.7%. Notably, participants reported that feeling depressed was significantly linked to both adherence to and discontinuation of medication (p=0.016 and p=0.010, respectively). The most common emotional struggle was a lack of interest in daily tasks, affecting 16.4% of respondents. Despite these challenges, 76.0% of participants reported a positive sense of well-being, indicating minimal distress in the preceding two weeks. In conclusion, HIV remains a prevalent chronic viral infection among adolescents and young adults. Understanding the factors influencing compliance with ART at the Buea Regional Hospital is critical for enhancing treatment outcomes and improving the overall well-being of this demographic. Addressing mental health and emotional support may be vital in improving adherence rates.

March 4, 2025

Dietary Pattern and Anemic Status of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Mission Hospital in Benin City Edo State Nigeria

Akpojaro Ejovi, Ohenhen Victor, Elusoji Christiana I, EIGBE Tessy O, Ohenhen Oluwatoyin O, Ifemenam Emeka V, Nwafor Amuchechukwu V, Ogbu Christopher U, Eze Chinedu B, Onukwube Oliver O, Uche-Omovoh If
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2025; 7(2): 50-56
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2025.v07i02.001

Colorectal cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide, but neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the colorectum are rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. This article describes the case of a 64-year-old man who developed an NEC at the site of a previously treated sigmoid adenocarcinoma. Following a sigmoid resection and adjuvant FOLFOX-based chemotherapy, the patient underwent regular surveillance. Two years after treatment, a secondary tumor lesion was detected. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a well-differentiated grade 2 NEC. Management included local tumor resection, followed by multidisciplinary discussions regarding additional chemotherapy. This case highlights the challenges associated with the rare occurrence of NECs at sites previously treated for adenocarcinoma, with several hypotheses proposed to explain this phenomenon: tumor transformation, selection of tumor subclones by chemotherapy, undetected coexistence, or a distinct neoplastic process. Diagnosis relies on immunohistochemistry and advanced imaging, while treatment combines surgery, platinum based chemotherapy, and rigorous follow-up. This report underscores the importance of individualized surveillance to detect recurrences or new lesions early.

Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized the treatment of maxillomandibular disorders, particularly those involving maxillomandibular dysmorphology, offering significantly improved clinical, aesthetic, and psychological outcomes. In a retrospective study including 4 cases of maxillomandibular disharmonies collected from the Maxillofacial and Aesthetic Surgery Department at Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech over a 16-month period from January 2022 to April 2023, we present the effectiveness and advantages of minimally invasive surgery in managing this dysmorphology. Maxillomandibular disharmonies represent a true surgical challenge, and the range of treatments proposed in the literature does not always align with the severity of the dysmorphologies in our context.