GAJRC | Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences

Journal Name:	Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences
Abbr. Title:	Glob Acad J Med Sci
ISSN(Print):	2706-9036
ISSN(Online):	2707-2533
Frequency:	Bi-Monthly
Language:	English
Chief Editor:	Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour
Publisher:	Scholars Middle East Publishers
Country of Origin:	United Arab Emirates

Latest Articles

July 22, 2024

Phytochemicals and Antibiotic Studies of Ethanolic Extracts of Dennettia Tripetala (Mmimi/Pepper Fruit) and Psidium Guajava (Guava) Leaves on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Ozor Joseph Okwudilichukwu, Anyamene Christopher Okwudili
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 181-189
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.004

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Annunciation Specialist Hospital Enugu State Nigeria. The identified isolates were sub-cultured on sterile nutrient agar plates and incubated over night at 37°C. The identified isolates were then re-identified and characterized. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Staphylococcus aureus strain which has 85% pairwise similarity with Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain SH1 and Escherichia coli strain which has 99.62% pairwise similarity with E. coli strain AC1. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis were done on the extracts of Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava using water and ethanol as extracting solvents. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenols. Quinonas however, was absent in this study. The isolates were screened for sensitivity to different extracts using agar well diffusion technique. The results indicated that both the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the Psidium guajava leaves showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 10mm and 12mm respectively but no activity against E. coli. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts of the Dennetia tripetala showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli at 20mm and 10mm respectively whereas, the ethanol extract has no activity on both test microorganism. The extracts were reconstituted with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to concentrations (mg/ml) of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were determined using agar well method. The MIC of the Psidium guajava leaves extract revealed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts inhibited S. aureus at 12.5mg/ml. While MIC of the Dennetia tripetala revealed that the aquous extract inhibited S. aureus at 50mg/ml and E. coli at 100mg/ml from the results, the aqueous extracts of both plants generally have a better inhibitory property than the ethanolic extracts. Based on the present findings, Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava leaves possess the capability of being good candidates in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent against infections or diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

July 20, 2024

Outcomes of Hip Shelf Procedure in Treating Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Najib Chiboub, Mohammed Tazi Charki, Hicham Abdellaoui, Karima Atarraf, Moulay Abderrahmane Afifi
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 175-180
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.003

July 17, 2024

Improving the Quality of Life of Women Living with Asthma: A Clarion Call for Nurse Entrepreneurs (Nurseprenuers)

Chukwu Chinenye Chituru Chichi, Oladapo Rasheed Olawale, Gbekumo Gloria, Ozu Obhosamologi Frederick
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 169-174
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.002

July 9, 2024

Assessment of Microalbuminuria and Hs-CRP for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Dr. Mahmud Javed Hasan, Dr. Nitai Chandra Ray, Dr. Muhammad Abdul Bari, Prof. Dr. Md. Aminul Islam, Dr. Sultan Ahmed
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 161-168
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.001

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes and is associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease in patients whose disease is not diagnosed in time. Formerly, microalbuminuria was used as the first marker, but recently, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) may be useful for early diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare microalbuminuria and hs-CRP in type 2 diabetic patients and test their efficiency in diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with 75 patients with type 2 DM. Demographic variables, microalbuminuria, and hs-CRP were measured and recorded. Microalbuminuria and positive or negative CRP were used to stratify patients into groups of MG, LG, and control. The t-test was used to test for differences in hs-CRP levels between the groups. Results: As for renal markers, microalbuminuria was elevated at 60% among these patients. The hs-CRP levels were higher in patients with microalbuminuria compared to patients without it (3. 1 ± 1. 2 mg/L versus 1. 5 ± 0. 8 mg/L, respectively; p = 0.001). Patients with microalbuminuria were older, their diabetes duration was longer, HDL was lower, and triglyceride levels were higher in comparison to patients without microalbuminuria. These observations were consistent with the CRP-positive group compared with the CRP-negative group. Conclusions: The research suggested a relationship between increased hs-CRP concentrations and microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes. This indicates that hs-CRP could be a potential biomarker for detecting diabetic renal disease early enough. Therefore, screening for hs-CRP in combination with screening for microalbuminuria could increase the early detection of kidney complications in type 2 diabetes. More large-cohort longitudinal follow-up studies are warranted to determine the diagnostic value of hs-CRP for predicting the development of diabetic nephropathy and to define optimal cut-off levels.

June 29, 2024

Central Lung Cancer Location Along with Bronchoscopic Correlation- A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abul Kalam Mohammad Mohiuddin, Sufia Khanam
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 149-154
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i03.008

Background: Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of death from neoplastic diseases worldwide. During the preceding decades, it was the most commonly occurring malignant disease, both in terms of impact and mortality. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the most important diagnostic tool for lung cancer. Early tissue diagnosis and proper staging remains the key to the management of the lung cancer patient. Endobronchial forceps biopsy has high diagnostic yield from the visible lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy. Methods: A Cross Sectional Retrospective study of all patients with provisional diagnosis of lung cancer based on computed tomography (CT) scan of chest undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done at Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ibn Sina Diagnostic & Consultation Center, Chattogram, Bangladesh from July 2022 to June 2023. All fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done in endoscopy suite under local anesthesia. Patients were explained about the procedure thoroughly. Endobronchial biopsy was the main procedure performed. Results: A total of 120 patients underwent bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer. The mean age of the patients was 58 years with range of 18 to 75 years. Among them 93 (77.5%) were male and 27 (22.5%) were female. Majority of the patients, 108 (90%) were smoker with a mean pack year of 42. The lesion was present more in right side (N=65) than the left side (N=55). Majority of the lesion was present in lobar bronchus followed by main bronchus. Bronchoscopy was normal in 10 patients (8.3%). 12 patients had lesion in multiple locations. The diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy was 75%. The diagnostic yield for central tumor was 81.6% which was statistically significant (p<0.001) compared to peripheral tumor and extrinsic compression. Conclusion: Endobronchial biopsy provides good diagnostic yield especially in central tumors. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a safe procedure.

June 29, 2024

A Prospective Study of Dry Eye Syndrome among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Kazi Nasimul Hoque, Md. Asaduzzaman, Partha Barai
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 155-160
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i03.009

June 20, 2024

Correlation of Silent Brain Infarction with the Metabolic Abnormality of CKD Stage 3-5 (non-dialytic) Patients

Dr. Md. Naheed Hasan, Md. Nazrul Islam, Mohammad Mirazul Hasan, Golam Fahad Bhuiyan, Sonia Mahjabin
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(3): 140-148
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i03.007

Background: Silent brain infarction (SBI) poses a significant yet often undetected risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, predisposing them to symptomatic stroke, dementia, and neurological mortality. Despite its implications, the association between SBI and CKD remains elusive, necessitating further exploration to elucidate potential predictive factors. Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between SBI and metabolic abnormalities prevalent in CKD stages 3-5 (non-dialytic) patients. Methods: Conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from September 2018 to March 2020, the study enrolled 115 participants. Group I comprised 85 CKD stage 3-5 (non-dialytic) patients without neurological symptoms, while Group II comprised 30 healthy controls. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases equation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on all subjects. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS-26. Results: The rate of Silent Brain Infarction is 52.9% in CKD patients. SBI was found in 45(52.9%) patients in group I and 4(13.3%) in group II. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Glomerulonephritis (45.9%) was the leading cause of CKD among the study patients. Most of the patients with Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis (76.9%) had SBI, which indirectly showed its strong association. As the CKD stages progressed, the SBI rate also increased (stage-3:8.9%; stage-4:35.6%; stage-5ND:55.6%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, CKD had an independent relationship with SBI along with serum phosphate level and serum parathyroid hormone level (CKD had Odds ratio (OR)=1.847 (95.0% CI 0.064 to 53.319), serum PO4 had OR=0.958 (95.0% CI 0.885 to 1.038) and serum PTH had OR=0.996 (95.0% CI 0.993 to 1.000). Spearman rank correlation coefficient test showed a positive correlation between the occurrence of SBI and serum PO4 level (r=0.416; p=0.001) and serum PTH level (r= 0.405; p=0.001) separately. Conclusions: The high prevalence of SBI in CKD stage 3-5 (non-dialytic) patients underscores its clinical significance. Serum phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels positively correlate with SBI occurrence, highlighting their potential as predictive markers. Understanding these associations can inform risk stratification and guide targeted interventions in CKD management.

Top Editors

Dr Akhtar Ali
Associate Editorial Board
MBBS, MD (Pharmacology) Senior Medical Officer District Hospital Baran, District- Baran (Rajasthan) 325205, India Email: drakhtar06@gmail.com

Dr Hozifa Mohammed Ali
Associate Editorial Board
Teaching Assistant, Department of Surgery, Alzaeim Al azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan Email: hozifa.m.ali@gmail.com

Dr. Tej Nath Nepal
Associate Editorial Board
Chie Medical Officer, Gedu Hospital, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan Email: tnnepal@health.gov.bt

Dr. M. Shabnum
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524003, Andhra Pradesh, India Email: shabnummusaddiq@gmail.com

Dr Anslem Ajugwo
Associate Editorial Board
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Madonna University Nigeria E-mail:slemjugwo@yahoo.com

Dr. Devika Singh
Associate Editorial Board
Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India Email: devsika@yahoo.co.in

Dr. Nkporbu A.K. (AmbP)
Associate Editorial Board
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist/Mental Health Physician, Dept. of Neuropsychiatry/Mental Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Email: nakpigi2008@yahoo.com

Dr. Serkan Yazici
Associate Editorial Board
Dermatology and Venereology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Özlüce, Görükle Kampüsü, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey Email: serkanyazici@uludag.edu.tr

Dr. Anil Gowtham Manivannan
Executive Editor
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Arathana Hospital, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India Email: anilthambu91@yahoo.com

Tariq Dhiyab Al-Saadi
Deputy Chief-Editor
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital- McGill University, Montreal, Canada Email: t.dhiyab@hotmail.com

Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour
Editor-in-Chief
Assistant Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dar-Al Uloom University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Email: abuelnour88@yahoo.com

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