Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints. The conventional system of medicine offers a wide range of treatments, but there is no cure for RA. In the Unani system of medicine, several Unani formulations and regimens are effectively used to manage Waja‘al-Mafāṣil (RA). Therefore, the present case report aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Unani formulation (Nuskha-e-Munzij) along with wet cupping (Ḥijāma bi’l Sharṭ) as an adjuvant therapy for RA. A 40-year-old female patient diagnosed with RA, based on the 2010 ACR/EULAR Rheumatoid Arthritis classification criteria, was treated with standard treatment along with Unani formulation (Nuskha-e-Munzij), in the form of a decoction, which was given for 21 days, after which wet cupping (Ḥijāma bi’l Sharṭ) was performed, 3 sittings fortnightly. The patient showed a significant reduction in subjective parameters (i.e., VAS, DAS 28 score, swelling, stiffness, restricted movement, tenderness) and objective parameters (i.e., CRP, RA factor, and ESR). RA factor (quantitative) was 260 IU/ml at baseline, significantly reduced to 88.9 IU/ml after 7 weeks of treatment. There were no adverse effects reported during the treatment. Therefore, Unani formulation (Nuskha-e-Munzij) and wet cupping (Ḥijāma bi’l Sharṭ) were found effective and safe for treating rheumatoid arthritis as an adjuvant therapy to standard treatment.

Tramadol, a widely prescribed analgesic for moderate to severe pain, has raised concerns due to its association with an increased risk of seizures. This literature review aims to explore the role of pharmacokinetics in tramadol-induced seizures. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing studies ranging from cross-sectional and cohort studies to case reports and animal research. The results indicate a complex relationship between tramadol dosage and seizure risk, with some studies suggesting a dose-dependent risk while others highlight individual variability and genetic predispositions. Based on the reviewed literature, we hypothesize that individuals with downregulation or low expression of Mu opioid and GABA receptors are at an increased risk for tramadol-induced seizures due to altered neurotransmitter modulation and impaired inhibitory control over neuronal excitability. This study emphasizes the need for cautious tramadol prescription and suggests further research into biomarkers that could predict seizure risk in patients taking tramadol.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the predominant form of nonscarring alopecia, characterized by a progressive and predictable loss of hair. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is influenced by genetic susceptibility and heightened follicular sensitivity to androgens, predominantly in males, resulting in the gradual transformation of scalp terminal hair into vellus hair. Despite its great prevalence, it is not lethal but may exert a significant emotional influence, particularly on females and younger boys. Substantial progress has been achieved in comprehending the epidemiology and pathophysiology of AGA; nonetheless, only two medications have received FDA approval: finasteride and minoxidil. Extended administration of these medications is essential for improved therapeutic response. Nonetheless, this results in inadequate medication adherence and negative consequences from prolonged use, such as the "post-finasteride syndrome," which endures after discontinuation of the medicine. Consequently, research is required to identify more effective alternative treatments for AGA that exhibit less adverse effects. Prior study demonstrated the effectiveness of polyphenols in addressing metabolic disorders. The root of Beta vulgaris was considered for the current inquiry. Purpose: Current work was designed to check efficacy of root extract and their bioactive for anti-alopecic potential. Methodology: Scientific validation of the current investigation was done by computational based molecular docking study of lead molecules of Beta vulgaris root against 5α-reducatase (SRD5As) enzyme. Result: The root of Beta vulgaris has been identified as an effective anti-alopecic drug, with its lead compounds, 4-picoline and Betalain, demonstrating effective binding to the target protein 5α-reductase (SRD5As) with binding energies of -4.09 and -7.93 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicated that each selected lead chemical for additional investigation shown significant inhibitory activity against 5'-reductase (SRD5 As), hence revealing its anti-alopecic potential.

Gaucher's disease is not very common. Types II and III, which involve less than 1 in 100,000 people, are extremely uncommon and have various degrees of neurologic system involvement. The most present lysosomal storage disorder is type I Gaucher's disease, which affects mostly adults. Although Type I illness is still rare affecting roughly 1 in 30 to 40000 people, experience in the UK indicated that over 90 to 95% of patients have it. Cellular malfunction and behavioral issues emerge from the lysosomal dysfunction that follows. In sphingolipidoses, Gaucher disease is the most prevalent. In 1882, Philippe Gaucher discovered a patient that had significant splenomegaly who lacked leukemia. GBA1 gene mutations on the chromosome cause GD, a rare, autosomal, recessive inherited condition. The major decrease in GCase activity occurs by mutations in the GBA1 gene. This deficiency's effects are generally ascribed to the deposits of the GCase substrate, GlcCer, in macrophages, which leads them to change into Gaucher cells, as per the most recent studies, Gaucher cells are a new M2 subpopulation that arises from another differentiation mechanism and is not just the consequence of macrophage cell transformation. Other than of getting fully polarized and receiving a specific type of cell such as M1 or M2, macrophages can exhibit a variety of functional stages of polarization. Ferritin binds iron and stops toxicity to cell their supporters. In GD, hepcidin earnings, which prohibits intestinal absorption of iron, is up, while ferritin levels in Gaucher cells are enhanced. Certain cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) in Gaucher cells can boost the transcription of the hepcidin gene. Establishing poor G Case activity in total leukocytes, mononuclear cells, or cultured fibroblasts must be done to prove the diagnosis of GD. In many instances, the other enzyme activity is 10% to 15% of the normal value.

A plant with important ethnomedical applications, Oxystelma esculentum, has garnered interest due to its numerous therapeutic benefits. This study examines its phytochemical composition, which includes alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins. These compounds support its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Potential health benefits, including immune regulation, wound healing, and digestive health, are associated with the plant's bioactive constituents. This study discusses the pharmacological uses of Oxystelma esculentum along with scientific data supporting its historical use in treating a variety of diseases. New therapeutic opportunities for contemporary medicine may arise from further investigation of its bioactive constituents and modes of action.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newer immunotherapeutic process in which genetic engineering is used to incorporate a receptor protein into a patient's T-cells thereby permitting the modified T-cells to recognize and eradicate tumors. Initially, CAR T-cell therapy was reserved as a last resort when standard cancer treatments failed to provide significant efficacy but subsequently, CAR T-cell therapy is finding use against earlier stage cancers. Since 2017, seven CAR T-cell therapies have attained FDA approval for treatment of hematological cancers. The latest approval, November 8, 2024, is for treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, CAR T-cell therapy does not always provide a lasting anticancer response which leads to loss of tumor remission. The percent loss of tumor remission depends upon the type of hematological cancer being treated. Although currently limited to hematological cancers, CAR T-cell therapy provides cancer patients a significant increase in survival unattainable with traditional cancer treatment regimens. However, two significant issues accompany CAR T-cell therapy. The first is multiple toxicity issues which although occurring individually in a low percentage of patients, taken together constitute a significant probability of encountering a potentially fatal side effect. The second problem is the high cost of CAR T-cell therapy starting at $450,000 US per treatment. Contributing to both of these problems is the fact that CAR T-cell therapy is labor intensive which will exacerbate existing clinical facilities already challenged by a myriad of mutating pathogens and an aging population. Against this setting is proposed therapy consisting of clinical stage and FDA approved anticancer drugs with excellent safety records. Proposed herein is combination therapy with Tucaresol, up-regulates CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and cyclophosphamide, down-regulates Treg cells, as a convenient, cost effective cancer treatment.

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the potential of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds derived from plants, in the prevention and treatment of various cancers, including breast cancer. This study reviews the therapeutic effects of specific phytochemicals-curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, sulforaphane, and genistein-focusing on their anti-cancer properties, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Using a systematic literature review, key studies involving in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research were analyzed to evaluate each compound's efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, and preventing metastasis. The findings suggest that these phytochemicals may offer significant benefits in breast cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, hormone modulation, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. However, further research, particularly large-scale clinical trials, is needed to optimize formulation strategies and validate their efficacy in clinical settings.