Amina Majid
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2026; 8(4): 124-134
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2026.v08i04.001
Digital transformation is reshaping maternal healthcare by extending clinical observation beyond conventional hospital visits and enabling continuous, data-supported relationships between pregnant women and healthcare professionals. Tele-obstetrics, remote pregnancy monitoring, wearable technologies, mobile health applications, artificial intelligence (AI), and clinical decision-support systems offer opportunities to improve accessibility, early risk recognition, continuity of care, and maternal safety. This review evaluates recent evidence on digital approaches to maternal healthcare and examines their relevance to Saudi Arabia. A structured review of peer-reviewed literature published primarily between 2020 and 2025 was conducted, with particular attention to telehealth in high-risk pregnancy, remote blood-pressure monitoring, gestational-diabetes management, wearable maternal and fetal sensors, AI-based pregnancy risk prediction, and clinical decision support. Evidence indicates that telehealth can reduce unnecessary face-to-face visits while maintaining maternal and neonatal outcomes in appropriately selected pregnancies. Remote blood-pressure monitoring can improve surveillance of hypertensive disorders and postpartum follow-up, while mobile health technologies can support glucose monitoring and self-management in gestational diabetes. AI-assisted clinical decision-support systems demonstrate potential for predicting complications and prioritizing high-risk patients, although external validation, bias, explainability, data privacy, and clinical integration remain significant challenges. Saudi Arabia provides a particularly favorable environment for digitally enabled maternity care because healthcare transformation under Vision 2030 increasingly emphasizes virtual care, prevention, integrated health records, artificial intelligence, and equitable access to specialized services. An integrated model combining remote monitoring, tele-obstetric consultation, electronic maternal records, automated alerts, and clinician-led decision-making could strengthen maternity services while maintaining patient safety and professional accountability.
Sumayyia Nasir
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2026; 8(4): 135-142
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2026.v08i04.002
Preventable pediatric emergency admissions signal gaps in access, continuity, caregiver support and chronic-disease management. Emergency departments remain indispensable for severe illness, yet children with low-acuity infections, poorly controlled asthma, medication problems, delayed primary-care access or unresolved post-discharge needs may reach hospital when earlier community intervention could have been safer and more efficient. This integrative review examines how Saudi Arabia can reduce avoidable pediatric emergency use through coordinated primary, community, digital and hospital services. Recent evidence and authoritative frameworks were synthesized across prevention, timely access, chronic-care pathways, tele-triage, discharge transition, family capability, data integration and payment. The paper proposes a whole-pathway model that preserves rapid emergency access while creating reliable alternatives and feedback loops. Priority actions include same-day pediatric assessment, family-held action plans, proactive high-risk registries, school and pharmacy partnerships, virtual consultation, post-emergency follow-up within seventy-two hours and interoperable records. A balanced dashboard should measure safety, equity, experience and utilization rather than treating fewer admissions as the sole goal. Integrated pediatric care can improve outcomes, reduce fragmentation and advance Saudi Vision 2030 objectives for prevention, access, quality and value.
Background: Cesarean section is associated with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, which may interfere with early maternal mobilization, breastfeeding, oral intake, maternal-infant interaction and overall postoperative recovery. Multimodal analgesia, incorporating neuraxial opioid analgesia with scheduled non-opioid analgesics and limited rescue opioid administration, has become an important component of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery (ERAC). However, implementation and effectiveness may vary according to institutional practice and available resources. This study compared postoperative pain and early recovery following cesarean section between women receiving a multimodal/ERAC analgesic protocol and those receiving conventional postoperative analgesic management. Methods: This comparative clinical study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesia, 250 Bedded Hospital, Lalmonirhat, Rangpur, Bangladesh, from July 2025 to June 2026. A total of 100 women undergoing elective or uncomplicated cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were equally allocated to multimodal/ERAC analgesia (Group A, n=50) or conventional analgesia (Group B, n=50). Pain was assessed using a 0–10 VAS/NRS at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included recovery parameters, rescue analgesic use, adverse effects, breastfeeding, hospital stay and maternal satisfaction. Results: Baseline demographic and obstetric characteristics were comparable between groups. Mean pain scores were significantly lower in Group A at 6, 12 and 24 hours. At 24 hours, the mean pain score was 2.2 ± 0.8 in Group A compared with 3.1 ± 1.0 in Group B (P<0.001). The multimodal group also demonstrated earlier ambulation (10.8 ± 3.1 vs. 14.7 ± 4.2 hours), earlier oral intake (3.8 ± 1.1 vs. 5.2 ± 1.5 hours), earlier catheter removal (10.4 ± 2.5 vs. 15.1 ± 3.8 hours), earlier spontaneous voiding (12.7 ± 3.0 vs. 17.5 ± 4.0 hours), lower rescue opioid requirement and shorter hospital stay. Maternal satisfaction was higher in the multimodal group. Nausea, vomiting and pruritus were slightly more frequent in Group A, consistent with exposure to neuraxial opioid, although serious adverse events were uncommon. Conclusion: A multimodal/ERAC analgesic strategy was associated with better postoperative pain control while facilitating earlier mobilization, oral intake, urinary recovery, breastfeeding and hospital discharge after uncomplicated cesarean section. Multimodal analgesia may therefore represent an effective opioid-sparing approach to postoperative cesarean care.
Top Editors
Dr Akhtar Ali
Associate Editorial Board
MBBS, MD (Pharmacology) Senior Medical Officer District Hospital Baran, District- Baran (Rajasthan) 325205, India Email: drakhtar06@gmail.com
Dr Hozifa Mohammed Ali
Associate Editorial Board
Teaching Assistant, Department of Surgery, Alzaeim Al azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan Email: hozifa.m.ali@gmail.com
Dr. Tej Nath Nepal
Associate Editorial Board
Chie Medical Officer, Gedu Hospital, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan Email: tnnepal@health.gov.bt
Dr. M. Shabnum
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524003, Andhra Pradesh, India Email: shabnummusaddiq@gmail.com
Dr Anslem Ajugwo
Associate Editorial Board
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Madonna University Nigeria E-mail:slemjugwo@yahoo.com
Dr. Devika Singh
Associate Editorial Board
Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India Email: devsika@yahoo.co.in
Dr. Nkporbu A.K. (AmbP)
Associate Editorial Board
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist/Mental Health Physician, Dept. of Neuropsychiatry/Mental Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Email: nakpigi2008@yahoo.com
Dr. Serkan Yazici
Associate Editorial Board
Dermatology and Venereology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Özlüce, Görükle Kampüsü, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey Email: serkanyazici@uludag.edu.tr
Dr. Anil Gowtham Manivannan
Executive Editor
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Arathana Hospital, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India Email: anilthambu91@yahoo.com
Tariq Dhiyab Al-Saadi
Deputy Chief-Editor
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital- McGill University, Montreal, Canada Email: t.dhiyab@hotmail.com
Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour
Editor-in-Chief
Assistant Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dar-Al Uloom University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Email: abuelnour88@yahoo.com
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