In contemporary dental practice, lidocaine is the preferred local anesthetic and is known for its reliable pain relief across a range of clinical procedures. This review explores the main clinical uses of lidocaine in restorative dentistry, endodontics, oral surgery, and pediatric dentistry. When used at the recommended doses, lidocaine has an excellent safety profile, with a predictable onset and sufficient duration for standard dental treatments. When combined with vasoconstrictors, lidocaine enhances hemostasis and extends the anesthetic effect, making it ideal for both simple and complex dental procedures. A proper understanding of its indications and administration techniques can enhance patient comfort and reduce the risk of adverse effects.